![]() ![]() These anomalies, as phenomena accompanying the seismogenic process, can be considered eventually as possible pre-, co- (coeval to) and post-earthquake effects in the ionosphere. The changing ocean conditions disrupt weather patterns and marine life in the Pacific and around the world. This special issue belongs to the section Ocean Engineering. El Niño is one of the most important weather-producing phenomena on Earth. The most appropriate data (for satellite orbits above sources of forthcoming or just happened seismic events) have been selected from more than 250 investigated cases.The increase of about 5-10-15 mV/m in the vertical component of the quasi-static electric field observed by INTERCOSMOS-BULGARIA-1300 during seismic activity over Southern Ocean, Greenland Sea, South-Weat Pacific Ocean, Indian Ocean, Central America, South-East Pacific Ocean, Malay Archipelago regions are presented. A special issue of Journal of Marine Science and Engineering (ISSN 2077-1312). Present research focuses on three main areas (i) development of methodology of satellite and seismic data selecting, (ii) data processing and observations of the quasi-static electric field (iii) study and accumulation of statistics of possible connection between anomalous vertical electric fields penetrating from the earthquake zone into the ionosphere, and seismic activity. To understand the processes of local phenomena over the Baltic Sea such as Coastal Upwelling or Salinity Inversion, we are coupling an atmosphere and ocean. This paper presents new results on the processing and analysis of the quasi-static electric field in the upper ionosphere ( h=800–900 km) observed from the satellite INTERCOSMOS-BULGARIA-1300 over earthquakes' source regions (seismic data of World Data Center, Denver, Colorado, USA). Almost everything I have done in the last twenty years is based on what I have discovered from studying ocean phenomena. ![]() The ocean makes all life on Earth possible, and makes the planet appear blue when viewed from space. ![]() It contains about 1.35 billion cubic kilometers (324 million cubic miles) of water, which is about 97 percent of all the water on Earth. In hydrostatic approximation, dynamic pressure is neglected and the momentum equation in vertical direction needs not to be solved. To prove a direct relationship between the quasi-static electric field disturbances and seismic activity is a difficult, but actual task of the modern ionosphere physics. The ocean covers 70 percent of Earth's surface. Most of ocean models employ hydrostatic approximation because the horizontal scale is usually much larger than the vertical scale in oceanic phenomena. ![]()
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